Dual-use dilemma: Balancing reliable mineral access and ensuring responsible supply chains for green transition and strategic technologies

Africa stands at the heart of the global race for minerals, essential for the green energy transition, advanced robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and defense technologies. In this context of high market demands, ensuring reliable mineral access is critical. Moreover, with vast (untapped) reserves, Africa has the potential to shape the future of clean energy and technological innovation through supplying the minerals that are in high demand globally, while also stimulating sustainable development for its population through building responsible and reliable mineral supply chains. It will also address the question: is there an opportunity for African markets, including ASM? This session will be run as an interactive workshop. Looking at the full value chain, it explores the competing demands across sectors; scrutinizes the (complementary) roles and responsibilities of different actors, including governing institutions, up-, mid- and downstream companies, as well as artisanal and small-scale mining; and examines the connection between responsible investment and building secure supply chains.